As the world marks World Elephant Day under the theme “Bringing the world together to help elephants”, wildlife conservation organisation Wild Africa is urging Nigeria to intensify efforts to protect its dwindling elephant population by tackling the growing problem of human–elephant conflicts.
Nigeria’s new National Elephant Action Plan (NEAP) identifies human–elephant conflict, particularly crop raiding, as the most significant threat to the country’s remaining elephants.
In July, national headlines reported the tragic death of a farmer in Ogun State after an encounter with an elephant — a stark reminder of the dangers facing both people and wildlife.
Dr. Mark Ofua, West Africa Representative for Wild Africa, stressed that protecting elephants also means safeguarding communities.
“When elephants have space, corridors, and secure habitats, they are less likely to come into conflict with people. Coexistence is possible, but it requires planning, investment, and law enforcement,” he said.
Nigeria’s elephant population has plummeted from over 1,200 three decades ago to just 300–400 individuals today, scattered in small, isolated herds.
The largest group — around 100 elephants — inhabits Yankari Game Reserve in Bauchi State, while others are found in Cross River National Park, Okomu National Park, and southern forest reserves.
Conservationists warn that habitat destruction from logging, agriculture, and infrastructure projects is forcing elephants into farmlands and villages in search of food and water, increasing the risk of fatal clashes.
Poaching for ivory remains another serious threat.
The NEAP, developed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Elephant Protection Initiative Foundation in partnership with the Federal Government, seeks to address these issues through:
Securing and restoring elephant habitats
Connecting fragmented ranges via wildlife corridors
Implementing early warning systems
Supporting farmers with non-lethal deterrents such as chilli repellents, noise-makers, trenches, and beehive fences
Promoting eco-tourism opportunities for communities
Strengthening anti-poaching patrols and ivory trafficking enforcement
Innovative solutions from other African countries are also being considered. In Zimbabwe, for example, a WhatsApp chatbot called Wildlife Info offers instant guidance on peaceful coexistence with elephants and other wildlife.
On the legislative front, the Endangered Species Conservation and Protection Bill, 2024 has passed its third reading in the House of Representatives and awaits Senate consideration. If enacted, it will boost Nigeria’s ability to combat wildlife crime and protect critical habitats.
Wild Africa is currently running a nationwide awareness campaign through TV, radio, print, billboards, and social media, urging Nigerians to avoid confrontation with elephants and to embrace safe coexistence practices.
“People and wildlife can only survive and thrive together if communities are equipped with the right knowledge and tools,” Dr. Ofua said.
Reporting by Innocent Onoh